Case Study of Tommy & Keith Pte Ltd-Free-Samples for Students

This is a letter in reference to the sale order that had been processed on the first week of May. Please let me highlight the contract specifications so that the particulars of the agreement or deal become clear between the two parties. It had been mentioned in the contract that the particular requirement for the company Lee & Lee, had been the replacement of the hundred units of photocopiers in the office. The particular problem faced with the existing photocopiers had been that, they were a decade old and the paper trays inserted into the photocopier machines were not automated. This means that the paper trays had to be manually altered or removed when the paper sizes were changed from A4 to A3. Therefore, the primary condition of the agreement that is reflected in the contract is that the new photocopier machine should enable photocopying both A4 and A3 papers without the manual alteration of the paper trays. Another important condition that had been mentioned in the contract is that the photocopier machines should have complied with the required specifications and the photoco pier machines should be delivered within sixty days from the date of signing the contract, failing which would result in the payment of fine from the seller company. Now, it should be made clear that the both the conditions had been successfully met. This means that Tommy & Keith Pte Ltd had made a delivery of a hundred photocopier machines within the first week of May. The major specification of the contract that the photocopier machine could photocopy both A3 and A4 sized papers without the manual change in trays had also been met. The photocopiers delivered by us facilitate the photocopy of the A3 sized paper with the mere pushing of a button. The machine has a manual feed slot for successful execution of photocopying the A3 sized papers. The need for the removal of the manual slot is not there in case of the delivered, COUSINS brand photocopier machines. Tommy & Keith is an organization of much global repute. We deliver a majority of the photocopier machines in Hong Kong. Being, the sales director of the organization, it is my primary duty to convey the fact that until date there has been both positive and negative feedback in regards to our products. However, there has been no official complaint that the products, which we have delivered, are different from what has been mentioned in the agreement or contract of the company. Furthermore, for us the motto has always been that â€Å"THE BUYER IS ALWAYS RIGHT†. Therefore, the particular requirement that had been the facilitation of the photocopying of both A4 and A3 sized papers without the manual change in the trays had been successfully met. Moreover, there has been no mention in the contract about the delivery of the photocopy machines with dual trays. Though it is a fact that the organization, Tommy & Keith had been clearing the single-tray copier units, that does not justify the allegation brought over by Lee & Lee. Moreover, this is the fact that has enabled the company to provide the tender at such a cheap rate. It is a mistake on the part of your company that the required inspection of the product had not been conducted before signing of the contract. It should be noted here that no further units will be delivered to Lee & Lee as the deal has been successfully closed. Alavi, H., 2016. Contractual restrictions on right of beneficiary to draw on a Letter of Credit; possible exception to principle of autonomy. International and Comparative Law Review, 16(2), pp.67-86. Fried, C., 2015. Contract as promise: A theory of contractual obligation. Oxford University Press, USA. Schwenzer, I., 2016. Global unification of contract law. Uniform Law Review, 21(1), pp.60-74. Wirtz, J., Tuzovic, S. and Ehret, M., 2015. Global business services: Increasing specialization and integration of the world economy as drivers of economic growth. Journal of Service Management, 26(4), pp.565-587 End your doubt 'should I pay someone to do my dissertation by availing dissertation writing services from

Uniform Commercial Code Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Uniform Commercial Code - Essay Example In the United States, the remedies of buyers and sellers of goods are governed by the Article 2 of Uniform Commercial Code (UCC) as it has been adopted with variations from state to state. Some contractual control over remedy is developed by the Article II of the Uniform Commercial Code, i.e., liquidated damages clauses; and contractual modification or limitation of remedy under UCC 2-719. Some remedies have been promoted for mistake and unconscionability as like, mistake in the formation of an agreement - the recession and restitution remedies; mistake in integration or expression - the reformation remedy; mistake in performance of an obligation - the restitution remedy; and unconscionability. If one of the parties to sale fails to perform the contract duties, the law makes several remedies available to the other party (Anderson; 1980:372). Remedies for the aggrieved seller are listed in the Uniform of Commercial Code 2-703 and 2-711 gives the basic buyer's remedies. The underlying doctrine for Code remedies is contained in section 1-106, which restates "the common-law theory of contract damages." Remedies under the Code are designed to protect the expectation interest of the party not in breach, and to provide "just compensation for the loss." The focus of the Code's remedial structure is on the anticipated future result if a party in breach has fully performed. Remedies under the Code are found in several sections, depending on who the breaching party is and at what point in the transaction breach occurs. The Article 2 concept that usually dictates which of these two remedial schemes will apply is "acceptance." If a buyer receives and continues to "accept" the goods, the exchange will normally be completed despite a breach. 7 Thus, except in rare circumstances, a buyer can retain accepted goods and a seller is entitled to the price for accepted goods.8 Seller's Remedies under UCC When contract for sale is breached by the buyer, the seller has a number of remedies available. Among the seller's remedies under the circumstances in 2-203 of the Uniform of Commercial Code, are the option to cancel, UCC 2-106(4), 2-703(f), or to withhold delivery, UCC 2-703(a).9 UCC 2-703 certify that where the buyer wrongfully rejects or revokes acceptance of goods or fails to make a payment due on or before delivery or repudiates with respect to a part or the whole, then with respect to any goods directly affected and, if the breach is of the whole contract (UCC 2-612), then also with respect to the whole undelivered balance, the aggrieved seller may following remedies: (a) withhold delivery of such goods; (b) stop delivery by any bailee as hereafter provided (UCC 2-705); (c) proceed under the next section respecting goods still unidentified to the contract; (d) resell and recover damages as hereafter provided (UCC 2-706); (e) recover damages for non-acceptance (UCC 2-708) or in a proper case the price (UCC 2-709); (f) cancel. Before

How does music influence human nature particularly in the youth Research Paper

How does music influence human nature particularly in the youth - Research Paper Example Psychological treatments are known to help offenders in a number of ways, which include reducing the rate at which they are rearrested. They also help offenders gain self-control and improve their interpersonal skills in solving problems. The treatment also helps them comprehend issues from other people’s point of view, thus avoiding egocentrism. The offenders moral values improve and they embrace critical reasoning. Anger management is a crucial skill learned in this process, and it assists the individuals undergoing through it not to rush into action when they are angry. The anger management is, however, not to make them avoid becoming angry, but rather to help them monitor their reactions. Nevertheless, psychologists argue that although psychological treatment is authorized in sentencing offenders, its effectiveness is debatable. Many argue that the offenders deserve punishment while in prison, and treatment is pointless. This is because they may not change their behaviours , or are unwilling to do so. They may also opt for treatment not because they can change, but to avoid judgement from the society. Criminal behaviour may include sexual offences, manslaughter, and robbery with violence. An offender may be led to such actions by mental illness, poor social integration skills, factors of unemployment, drug or substance abuse, and the lack of intimate relationships. Depression is also another factor that may lead a person to commit an offence (Evans, 1998).

Chinese Footbinding Essay -- China Culture Cultural Essays

Chinese Footbinding In addressing the subject of footbinding, one primary difficulty becomes apparent - that much remains within the realm of the unknowable. Any factual knowledge about the practice may only be drawn from 19th- and 20th-century writings, drawings or photographs. In addition, many of these documents represent a distinctly Western point of view, as they are primarily composed of missionary accounts and the literature of the various anti -footbinding societies.[1] The historical origins of footbinding are frustratingly vague, although brief textual references suggest that small feet for women were preferred as early as the Han dynasty. The first documented reference to the actual binding of a foot is from the court of the Southern Tang dynasty in Nanjing, which celebrates the fame of its dancing girls renowned for their tiny feet and beautiful bow shoes.[2] The practice apparently became the standard for feminine beauty in the imperial court, spreading downward socially and geographically as the lower classes strove to imitate the style of the elite. [3] In its most extreme form, footbinding was the act of wrapping a three- to five-year old girl's feet with binding so as to bend the toes under, break the bones and force the back of the foot together. Its purpose was to produce a tiny foot, the "golden lotus", which was three inches long and thought to be both lovely and alluring.[4] It is believed that the origin of the term "golden lotus" emerged in the Southern Tang dynasty around 920 A.D., where the emperor Li Yu ordered his favorite concubine, Fragrant Girl, to bind her feet with silk bands and dance on a golden lotus platform encrusted with pearls and gems. Thereafter, women inside and outside the court ... ...ive (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990). Jaschok, Maria. Concubines and Bondservants (London: Oxford University Press, 1988). Ko, Dorothy. "The Body As Attire: The Shifting Meanings of Footbinding in Seventeenth-Century China". Journal of Women's History. Winter 1997, Vol.8:4. Levy, Howard S. The Lotus Lovers: The Complete History of the Curious Erotic Custom of Footbinding in China (Buffalo, NY: Prometheus Books, 1992). Llewellyn, Bernard. China's Courts and Concubines (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1966). Lloyd, Carol. "These Shoes Pinch". New York Times Magazine. Oct. 27, 1996. p. 25. Mackie, Gerry. "Ending Footbinding and Infibulation: A Convention Account". American Sociological Review. December 1996, Vol.61, Issue 6. Paulshock, MD, Bernadine Z.. "Chinese Footbinding". Journal of the American Medical Association. August 12, 1992.

Home Depot and Lowes Essay

Case Summary Value Line Publishing analyst, Carrie Galeotafiore had followed the retail building-supply industry for approximately three years. Within a week the investment-survey firm will be publishing Galeotafiore’s quarterly findings on the industry along with the five-year financial forecast for the industry’s leaders, Home Depot and Lowe’s. In an effort to increase their top and bottom-lines, Home Depot and Lowe’s have implemented strategies like improving customer service, attracting professional customers, and introducing a more favorable merchandise mix. Combined sales from the two companies accounted for more than a third of the industry’s sales. In the mean time, smaller hardware stores struggled to remain in the game. Galeotafiore reports shows confidence in the methods Home Depot deployed to achieve their goals and attributed Lowe’s margin expansion to their thrust into the major metropolitan markets. This case will mainly focus on the strategic issues involved with Home Depot and Lowe’s, the industry trends, the financial outlook for the respective companies, and whether or not Galeotafiore has the depth of knowledge and experience to make a correct call on the companies’ performance.Finally, the report will be substantiated with financial ratios comparing one company with the other, showing possible alternatives and proposing recommendations. Case Analysis This segment will narrow down the major issues of the case, along with the quantitative perspective showing historical trends and the projected level of economic activity. In 2001, the Economist Intelligenc Unit (EIU) estimated the retail building-supply industry to be approximately $175 billion with stores similar to Home Depot and Lowe’s capturing one third of the 51% of sales in their category. Despite the slump in the economy in 2001, growth was at 4.2% which representd a decline from 7.7% in 1998. Strategic issues for Home Depot and Lowe’s Home Depot’s CEO, Bob Nardelli’s goal was to increase their margin through declining cost in product review, opening more tool-rental centers and improving purchasing aspects. All of the above were an effort to remain  competitive. Galeotafiore stated in her report that stores which provide programs similar to the Service Performance Improvement offered by Home Depot tend to fear better in operating margins, inventory turnover and productivity, than the do-it-yourself establishments. Jefferies’ analyst Donald Trott downgraded Lowe’s, due to a declining housing-market bubble and, based on an opinion that their stock price was richly valued compared to Home Depot’s. However, on the brighter side, Lowe’s management told analysts that over the next two years, it expected to maintain sales growth between 18% and 19% and over the next three years from 2002 to 2004 it is expected to open 123, 130 and 140 stores respectively entering metropolitan m arkets with populations over 500,000 like the Boston and New York markets.

10 Potassium Facts (K or Atomic Number 19)

Potassium is a light metallic element that forms many important compounds and is essential for human nutrition. Here are 10 fun and interesting potassium facts. Fast Facts: Potassium Element Name: PotassiumElement Symbol: KAtomic Number: 19Atomic Weight: 39.0983Classification: Alkali MetalAppearance: Potassium is a solid, silvery-gray metal at room temperature.Electron Configuration:  [Ar] 4s1 Potassium is element number 19. This means the atomic number of potassium is 19 and each potassium atom has 19 protons.Potassium is one of the alkali metals, which means it is a highly reactive metal with a valence of 1.Because of its high reactivity, potassium is not found free in nature. It is formed by supernovas via the R-process and occurs on Earth dissolved in seawater and in ionic salts.Pure potassium is a lightweight silvery metal that is soft enough to cut with a knife.  Although the metal appears silver when its fresh, it tarnishes so quickly that it normally appears dull gray.Pure potassium usually is stored under oil or kerosene because it oxidizes so readily in air and reacts in water to evolve hydrogen, which may be ignited from the heat of the reaction.The potassium ion is important for all living cells. Animals use sodium ions and potassium ions to generate electric potentials. This is vital for many cellular processes and is the basis for the conduction of nerve im pulses and stabilization of blood pressure. When not enough potassium is available in the body, a potentially fatal condition called hypokalemia can occur. Symptoms of hypokalemia include muscle cramps and irregular heartbeat. An overabundance of potassium causes hypercalcemia, which produces similar symptoms.  Plants require potassium for many processes, so this element is a nutrient that is readily depleted by crops and must be replenished by fertilizers.Potassium was first purified in 1807 by Cornish chemist Humphry Davy (1778–1829) from caustic potash (KOH) via electrolysis. Potassium was the first metal to be isolated using electrolysis.Potassium compounds emit a lilac or violet flame color when burned.  It burns in water, just like sodium. The difference is that sodium burns with a yellow flame and is more likely to shatter and explode!  When potassium burns in water, the reaction releases hydrogen gas. The heat of the reaction can ignite the hydrogen.Potassium is used as a heat transfer medium. Its salts are used as a fertilizer, oxidizer, colorant, to form strong bases, as a salt substitute, and for many other applications.  Potassium cobalt nitrite is a yellow pigment known as Cobalt Yellow or Aureolin.The name for potassium comes from the English word for potash. The symbol for potassium is K, which is derived from the Latin kalium and Arabic qali for alkali. Potash and alkali are two of the potassium compounds known to man since ancient times. More Potassium Facts Potassium is the seventh most abundant element in the Earths crust, accounting for about 2.5% of its mass.Element number 19 is the eighth most abundant element in the human body, accounting for between 0.20% and 0.35% of body mass.Potassium is the second lightest (least dense) metal after lithium.Three isotopes of potassium occur naturally on Earth, although at least 29 isotopes have been identified. The most abundant isotope is K-39, which accounts for 93.3% of the element.The atomic weight of potassium is 39.0983.Potassium metal has a density of 0.89 grams per cubic centimeter.The melting point of potassium is  63.4  degrees C or  336.5 degrees K and its boiling point is  765.6  degrees C or  1038.7 degrees K. This means potassium is a solid at room temperature.Humans can taste potassium in aqueous solution. Dilute potassium solutions to taste. Increasing the concentration leads to a bitter or alkaline flavor. Concentrated solutions taste salty.One lesser-known use of p otassium is as a portable oxygen source. Potassium superoxide (KO2), is an orange solid used to release oxygen and absorb carbon dioxide in the respiration system for submarines, spacecraft, and mines. Sources Haynes, William M., ed. (2011). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (92nd ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.Marx, Robert F. (1990). The history of underwater exploration. Courier Dover Publications. p. 93.ï » ¿Shallenberger, R. S. (1993). Taste chemistry. Springer.

Iron and Its Importance to Nutrition and Health - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2019 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/02/20 Category Health Essay Level High school Topics: Nutrition Essay Did you like this example? It may be taken for granted the impact that the food we eat has to our overall health. The body absorbs nutrients, such as vitamins and minerals, from the food that is consumed and uses it in several functions. These vitamins and minerals play many vital roles in reactions and metabolic pathways. Dietary iron is a mineral that is essential to several functions of the body and deficiency will result in negative effects. Iron is an element with the symbol Fe on the periodic table. Its atomic number is 26 and its atomic mass is 55.845 g/mol (8). Synonyms of iron include: ferrum, ferrous ion, ferryl ion, and ferric ion (1,8). Iron plays an important role in the human body â€Å"existing in complex forms bound to protein (hemoprotein), as heme compounds (hemoglobin or myoglobin), heme enzymes, or nonheme compounds (flavin-iron enzymes, transferrin, and ferritin)† (1). The importance of iron in the body stems from its ability to interconvert readily between two relatively stable oxidation states (Fe2+or ferrous iron and Fe3+or ferric iron). This ability makes iron a useful component of oxygen-binding molecules in hemoglobin and myoglobin, cytochrome and diverse enzymatic reactions including DNA synthesis, lipid metabolism and free radical scavenging. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Iron and Its Importance to Nutrition and Health" essay for you Create order Iron plays a role in several metabolic pathways. â€Å"By exploiting the oxidation state, redox potential and electron spin state of iron, it is particularly suited to participate in a large number of useful biochemical reactions† (12). Iron is a cofactor; a non-protein essential molecule to enzymatic function. A specific enzyme that utilizes iron as a cofactor is tryptophan hydroxylase. This enzyme catalyzes the reaction of tryptophan hydroxylation to produce 5-hydroxytryptophan, which is the first step of the production of serotonin; a neurotransmitter that plays a role in regulating mood (12). Iron’s role in the reaction of tryptophan hydroxylation, â€Å"can be described in two parts: 1) reaction of the tetrahydropterin, oxygen, and the active site iron to form the reactive hydroxylating intermediate and 2) insertion of oxygen into the amino acid substrate† (12). The specific mechanism at the iron activation site involves the interaction of 4a-peroxypterin ei ther as the formation of a Fe II-peroxypterin intermediate or the direct transfer of an oxygen atom (12). The result of hydroxylation of tryptophan is the addition of a hydroxyl group to the amino acid. Just as iron is a useful cofactor to tryptophan hydroxylase, it is a cofactor to several other enzymes as well such as: tyrosine hydroxylase, tryptophan hydroxylase, xanthine oxidase and ribonucleoside reductase (12). Without iron, these enzymes would not function properly and the reactions that they catalyze would be affected. Therefore, the body needs iron for the catalysis of metabolic reactions. For the body to utilize iron, it must be consumed, absorbed and metabolized. Once iron is consumed, it is absorbed in the small intestine, specifically the duodenum and upper jejunum. Absorption occurs by the enterocytes, intestinal absorptive cells, via transport proteins such as divalent metal transporter 1 and heme carrier protein 1 (1). The enterocytes are responsible for reducing insoluble ferric (Fe3+) ions to absorbable ferrous (Fe2+) ions. For nonheme iron, the ionic forms (Fe2+ and Fe3+), the absorption depends on the pH at the absorption site (1). In contrast, absorption of heme iron does not depend on pH and is â€Å"metabolized in the enterocytes by heme oxygenase†. Heme iron is absorbed more easily and thus the larger source of dietary iron than non-heme (10). Dietary iron occurs in two forms: heme and nonheme. Heme iron is only found in the flesh of animals such as meats, poultry, and fish. Heme iron accounts for about 10% of the average daily iron intake but it is so well absorbed that it contributes a significant amount of iron to the body (17). Heme iron is highly bioavailable and is not influenced by the dietary factors. Nonheme iron is found in both plant-derived and animal derived foods such as nuts, beans, vegetables and fortified grain products (16). Nonheme iron is present as either the reduced ferrous (Fe2+) form or the oxidized ferric (Fe3+) form. However, its formation of insoluble ferric complexes reduces bioavailability in the intestine. Besides, there are several dietary factors affecting nonheme iron absorption. The MFP factor and vitamin C (ascorbic acid) enhance nonheme absorption when foods are eaten at the same meal. Some acids (citric and lactic) and sugar (fructose) will have the same effect on nonheme iron. However, some factors such as the phytates in legumes, whole grains, nuts, seeds, vegetable proteins (soybeans), calcium in milk, the polyphenols (tannic acid in tea, coffee, grain products, oregano, and red wine) have an inhibiting effect on nonheme absorption (16). The balance of iron metabolism is critical because the body lacks a mechanism for iron excretion, thus absorption is the main regulation of iron (1). Absorption of iron increases when the iron storage is empty or low. Iron absorption decreases when the iron storage is full. Once the iron is absorbed from the diet, the iron storage protein called ferritin captures iron from food and stores it in the mucosal cells in the intestine. The absorption of intestinal iron is regulated in several ways. The first mechanism is called the dietary regulator in which the accumulation of intracellular iron reaches a threshold in which the absorptive enterocytes resist to acquire more iron (17). However, it may occur even in the presence of systemic iron deficiency. The second mechanism is termed as the stores regulator in which iron levels are sensed in response to the saturation of plasma transferrin with iron (17). The third mechanism is known as erythropoietic regulator in which iron responds to the requirements for erythropoiesis. It is achieved by sensing a soluble signal sent out by plasma from the bone marrow to the intestine (13). The protein that helps to regulate iron absorption from the small intestine and controls the release of iron from the liver, spleen and bone marrow is known as hepcidin. Hepcidin is produced in the liver. Production of hepcidin decreases in iron deficiency and increases in iron overloaded by inhibiting ferroportin I to uptake more iron (14). When the body needs iron, ferritin releases iron from the enterocytes to the transferrin, an iron transport protein. It is achieved by transporting the internalized Fe2+ to the bloodstream through the basolateral membrane via another transporter named ferroportin. The Fe2++is re-oxidized to Fe3++during the transport. The transferrin carries the iron as an iron-transferrin complex and circulates in the plasma until it binds with specific transferrin receptors on erythroid cells in the bone marrow and other tissues. The iron-transferrin-transferrin receptor complex is internalized into the cell through endocytosis. The iron is released from the transferrin and transferrin returns back to plasma to pick up more iron (5). The bone marrow incorporates iron into hemoglobin of red blood cells where iron-containing hemoglobin is able to carry oxygen from lungs to tissues. Iron in hemoglobin can help the red blood cells to maintain their shape and functionality. However, lifespan of the red blood cells is about 4 months. After that, the liver and spleen will dismantle the old red blood cells and remove them from the blood. Iron will be re-attached to the transferrin which transports iron back to bone marrow for making new red blood cells (15). Iron is recycled and reused. The surplus of iron is stored in the protein ferritin, primarily in liver and other storage location is in the bone marrow and spleen. Ferritin is constantly made and supplies iron to bone marrow and other tissues. When the supply of iron is excessively high, liver will convert some ferritin into hemosiderin. Hemosiderin is an iron storage complex which less readily releases iron (1). Storing excess iron in hemosiderin protects the body against the free iron that could attack cell lipids, DNA and proteins (1). However, if the body does not need iron and the iron is not absorbed, the iron will be excreted in feces. In order to take in the adequate amount of iron and for these metabolic processes to occur, it is important to know how much should be consumed. The recommended daily intake for infants from birth to 6 months old is 0.27 milligram (mg). For infants between 7 to 12 months, the daily intake is 11 mg. Young children aged 1 to 3 years old needs about 7 mg while 4 to 8 years old need about 10 mg. Daily intake for preteen (9-13 years old) is 8 mg. However, females during puberty (14- 18 years old) require 15 mg and adult women (19 to 50 years) in their reproductive years need 18 milligrams a day due to blood loss during menstruation. Additional iron (27 mg) is needed during pregnancy to support the growth of the fetus, added blood volume and blood loss during delivery. However, women after menopause need only 8 mg per day. The recommended daily intake for male adolescent (14 to 18 years old) and adult men after 19 years old is 11 mg (16). Without meeting the nutritional requirements for ir on, deficiency can occur and lead to negative effects. Iron deficiency is the most common nutrient deficiency. It accounts for 30% of world population, mostly found in toddlers, adolescent girls and women of childbearing age (18). Iron deficiency is a state of having depleted iron stores, meaning that ron storage in ferritin and hemosiderin is progressively diminished and no longer meets the needs of normal iron turnover. It then leads to a shortage of iron supply to tissues which results in a decrease in transferrin saturation and an increase in transferrin receptors in the circulation and on the surface of the cells (18). When iron-deficiency results in a low hemoglobin concentration, iron deficiency anemia occurs (IDA). IDA is characterized by pale (hypochromic) and small (microcytic) red blood cells. Since IDA leads to a decrease in hemoglobin synthesis, the red blood cells are not able to carry enough oxygen from the lungs to tissues which causes the energy metabolism in the cells to decrease (3). According to the World Health Organization (WHO), iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia have a significant impact on cognitive performance, work capacity and productivity and pregnancy (18). WHO reported that iron deficiency anemia is related to delay in psychomotor development, impaired cognitive performance, lower IQ scores, weakness, tiredness, headaches, apathy, pallor, poor resistance to cold temperature, increased maternal mortality, prenatal and perinatal infant loss and prematurity, and increased morbidity from infectious diseases. It is reported that â€Å"leukocytes have a reduced capacity to kill ingested microorganism and lymphocytes a decreased ability to replicate when stimulated by mitogen† (18). Another iron deficiency related disorder is known as pica. It is especially common among women and children in low-income groups (7). Pica is a craving for and consumption of nonfood substances such as clay, baby powder, chalk, ash, ceramics, paper, paint chips, or charcoal. In fact, those substances commonly craved and consumed inhibit iron absorption making pica associated with iron deficiency (7). Iron supplementation is the most common way to treat iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia. Usually oral iron therapy is the first choice because it is simple, inexpensive and relatively effective in treating iron deficiency. However, noncompliance is common. Long course treatment (3 to 4 weeks) and limited intestinal absorption makes the oral iron therapy less ideal. Treatment with intravenous (IV) iron therapy is an alternative to the oral iron therapy. The advantage of IV iron therapy is â€Å"faster higher increases of hemoglobin levels and body iron stores† (19). Intravenous ferric carboxymaltose is a stable complex, not predisposed to anaphylactic reactions and allows administration of large doses (15mg/kg maximum of 1000 mg/infusion) in a single shot. It also has a shorter therapeutic session (15 minutes infusion) that makes IV iron therapy more appealing (19). Taking supplements between meals, before bedtime, or on an empty stomach enhance iron absorption. However , constipation is a common side effect. Moreover, iron supplementation always works better with an iron-rich, absorption enhancing diet. Iron is a critical mineral to the body with many functions including: supporting metabolism, cofactors to enzymes to aid in metabolic reaction, and aiding normal cellular growth and development. Careful iron balance and adequate iron intake are important to prevent iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia. As is important with adequate nutritional intake of iron, it is also important to consume the recommended amounts of all vitamins and minerals. A well balanced diet can meet these nutritional requirements, which will aid in metabolic pathways needed for proper bodily function.